Zinc for PCOS

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) affects up to 15 percent of women and involves many different parts of the body. Diet plays a significant role in treating PCOS with many nutrients being particularly helpful. Taking zinc for PCOS may help reduce common symptoms of this condition like unwanted hair growth and/or hair loss, acne, high blood sugar, and more.

This article explains the benefits of zinc for PCOS, food sources, and how to properly use zinc supplements.

Zinc is a mineral found naturally in various foods and often added to dietary supplements. It also acts as an antioxidant, meaning it helps prevent cellular damage and has anti-inflammatory benefits.

Women require about 8 milligrams (mg) of zinc per day, unless pregnant or breastfeeding, in which the body requires closer to 12 mg of daily zinc.

While most people meet the recommended daily allowances for zinc, there are some groups more prone to zinc inadequacy than others. For example, people following a vegetarian/vegan diet may have lower levels of zinc because the zinc in plant foods is harder for the body to absorb and use than zinc from animal sources. Interestingly, new research suggests that women with PCOS may also be at a higher risk of zinc inadequacy or deficiency. 

Zinc deficiency is more common in women with PCOS than those without the condition. This is especially true in cases of insulin-resistant PCOS. In fact, one study found that zinc levels were the most accurate predictors of PCOS even more than body mass index (BMI) or cholesterol levels (1).

Zinc deficiency and PCOS have an intricate relationship. To further explain, first consider one of the most common conventional treatments for PCOS: oral contraceptives. Women with PCOS are often prescribed the birth control pill to manage PCOS symptoms. Unfortunately, the pill does not treat the root causes of PCOS but rather covers up symptoms that will likely return if and/or when a woman decides to come off the pill.
 
What’s more, these oral contraceptives can deplete the body of important nutrients, like folate, vitamin B12, and zinc (2). Zinc insufficiency can then increase your risk of diabetes, obesity, and glucose intolerance which are key players in the vicious cycle of worsening PCOS. 

Zinc nutritional status is difficult to measure using lab tests due to its distribution throughout the body.  However, the concentration of zinc in blood plasma or serum is currently the best available test for zinc deficiency (3). We often order this for members in our Functional Medicine Program.

Since women with PCOS are more likely to have inadequate zinc levels, there are some research-based benefits of using zinc supplements for treating PCOS. 

Zinc is required to make and store an important hormone called insulin. This hormone is released from your pancreas in response to a meal containing carbohydrates. Insulin lowers your blood sugar levels back to normal by signaling the cells to allow glucose (broken-down carbohydrates) inside to be used for energy. Insulin resistance occurs when your cells have difficulty binding to insulin causing both insulin and glucose to build up in the blood for longer periods of time.

When zinc levels are inadequate, your risk of diabetes and high blood sugar increases. In fact, some researchers suggest that zinc deficiency may be partly to blame for the insulin resistance often seen in PCOS (4).

Thankfully, supplementing with zinc may reduce your fasting blood glucose and insulin levels and improve your cells’ response to insulin (5, 6). When your blood sugar is better controlled, you may see other secondary benefits like improved fertility, regular menstrual cycles, and fewer sugar cravings.

Hair loss and/or unwanted hair growth (hirsutism) are two common PCOS symptoms that are both caused by excess androgens, i.e. male hormones.

However, zinc has shown to block these excess androgens. For instance, one study found that taking a zinc supplement significantly decreased both PCOS-related hair loss and hirsutism in just eight weeks (7).

Acne is another common symptom of PCOS that is often related to excess androgen production. While not specific to PCOS, zinc levels may correlate with the severity of acne, and taking zinc supplements may be useful in treating moderate to severe acne (8, 9).

Premenstrual syndrome is a common occurrence in women who may report symptoms like breast tenderness, abdominal bloating, depression, and anxiety before their period. Zinc may play a beneficial role in reducing these common PMS symptoms. 

Similar to the PCOS connection, women with PMS were also found to have lower zinc levels than women without PMS (10). Fortunately, taking a zinc supplement may significantly reduce PMS symptoms within three months (11). Some studies have also found benefits in zinc supplementation to reduce symptoms of depression (12).

Finally, zinc is a very important nutrient in supporting overall thyroid health. 

Women with PCOS are three times more likely to also suffer from thyroid autoimmune disease (Hashimoto’s) than the general population (13, 14). These two conditions share common characteristics like period irregularities, insulin resistance, and infertility, so it’s important to rule out thyroid disease before assuming you have PCOS. Read more about the connection between PCOS and thyroid disorders.

Zinc is required to convert thyroid hormone into the active version that your body can use to carry out important jobs, like making reproductive hormones and promoting healthy ovulation! So, ensuring you have adequate zinc levels is beneficial for both thyroid health and PCOS.  In addition to Zinc being available as a single supplement, Root Thyroid Support also includes 20 mg of zinc.  

An enzyme is a protein in the body that helps speed up important chemical reactions. Beta-glucuronidase is a crucial enzyme for detoxification of hormones, environmental toxins, and medications. However, high beta-glucuronidase levels can cause unwanted symptoms and hormone imbalances. 

In this article, we’ll explain the role of beta-glucuronidase, what high levels of this enzyme could mean for hormone and gut health, and potential functional medicine treatments.

Beta-glucuronidase is a very important enzyme produced naturally by certain intestinal bacteria and cells in your liver, intestines, and kidneys. This enzyme plays a crucial role in helping your liver detoxify excess hormones, environmental toxins, and certain medications. However, beta-glucuronidase is best known for its role in estrogen balance. 

In women, the body is constantly producing estrogen, although the levels should fluctuate throughout your menstrual cycle. Once estrogen has served its purpose, your liver uses beta-glucuronidase to bind glucuronic acid to estrogen so the body can eliminate it in the stool. In the intestines, beta-glucuronidase enzymes break the bond between estrogen and glucuronic acid, and the estrogen that was meant to be excreted is then reabsorbed into the bloodstream. However, under normal circumstances, the body will eliminate more estrogen than it reabsorbs.

However, if you have high beta-glucuronidase levels, your intestines may reabsorb too much estrogen back into the bloodstream. This can lead to symptoms of estrogen dominance.

Figure 1: Gut Health and Hormones (Estrogen Metabolism)